日期:2022/09/09   IAE 

Elizabeth II | Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; April 21, 1926 - September 8, 2022) served as Queen of England from February 6, 1952 to her death on September 8, 2022 . [a] Her reign of 70 years and 214 days is the longest recorded of any British monarch and the second longest recorded of any monarch of a sovereign state. At the time of her death, Elizabeth was queen of 14 other Commonwealth kingdoms in addition to England.

Elizabeth was born in Mayfair, London, the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth). Her father succeeded to the throne in 1936 after his brother Edward VIII abdicated, making Elizabeth the presumptive heir. She was privately educated at home and began public duties during World War II, serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. In November 1947, she married Philip Mountbatten, the former prince of Greece and Denmark, and their marriage lasted 73 years until his death in April 2021. They had four children together: Charles III; Anne, Princess Royal; Prince Andrew, Duke of York; and Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex.

When her father died in February 1952, Elizabeth, then 25, became queen of seven independent Commonwealth countries: Great Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon (today known as Sri Lanka), and Head of the Commonwealth. Elizabeth ruled as a constitutional monarch during major political changes such as the Troubles in Northern Ireland, devolution in the United Kingdom, decolonization in Africa, and Britain's entry into the European Community and exit from the European Union. The number of her territories changed over time, as territories gained independence and some became republics. Her many historic visits and meetings include state visits to China in 1986, Russia in 1994, and the Republic of Ireland in 2011, where she met with five popes.

Important events include Elizabeth's coronation in 1953 and the celebrations of her silver, golden, diamond and platinum jubilee in 1977, 2002, 2012 and 2022 respectively. Elizabeth is the longest-reigning and longest-reigning British monarch, and the second-longest verifiable reigning monarch in world history, after Louis XIV of France. She faced occasional Republican sentiment and media criticism of her family, particularly after the breakdown of her children's marriage, her "terrible year" in 1992 and the death in 1997 of her former daughter-in-law, Diana, Princess of Wales. However, support for the British monarchy has always been high, as has her personal popularity. Elizabeth died on 8 September 2022 at Balmoral Castle, Aberdeenshire. Her eldest son, Charles III, succeeded him.

Elizabeth was born at 2:40am (GMT) on April 21, 1926, during the reign of her grandfather, King George V. Her father, the Duke of York (later King George VI), was the king's second son. Her mother, the Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother), was the youngest daughter of the Scottish nobleman Claude Beauce Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, whose home in London ( 17 Bruton Street, Mayfair) Delivery by caesarean section. She was baptized by the Anglican Archbishop of York, Cosmo Gordon Lang, on 29 May in the private chapel of Buckingham Palace, and named Elizabeth after her mother; Alexandra was born in her sixth year. Predeceased by her great-grandmother who passed away months ago; and Mary by her paternal grandmother. Known as "Lilybet" by her close relatives, based on her original title, she was cherished by her grandfather, George V, whom she affectionately called "Grandpa England", and who visited her regularly during his serious illness in 1929 , the popular press and later biographers praised him for lifting his spirits and aiding his recovery.

Elizabeth's only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930. The two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and governess Marion Crawford. Courses focus on history, language, literature and music. Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margaret's childhood titled The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeth's love of horses and dogs, her order, and her attitude of responsibility. Others echoed this observation: Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two years old as "a character. She had an amazing authority and reflective power in a baby." Her cousin Margaret Rhodes Describing her as "a happy little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved".

Elizabeth II

Queen Elizabeth II dies at 96
Ivana Kottasová, Max Foster and Lauren Said-Moorhouse, CNN

London (CNN) -- Britain's longest-reigning monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, who reigned for seven decades, died Thursday at the age of 96, Buckingham Palace announced.

The Queen's eldest son, Charles, is now King Charles III.
"The Queen passed away peacefully at Balmoral this afternoon. The King and Queen will remain at Balmoral tonight and return to London tomorrow," the palace said in a statement posted on its official Twitter account, adding Charles is the new king for the first time.
The king said in a statement that the queen's death was "the saddest moment for me and all my family."

He said in a statement: "We deeply mourn the passing of a treasured monarch and a much-loved mother. I know her loss will be deeply felt across the country, the Kingdom and the Commonwealth, and by countless people around the world."
Despite torrential downpours in parts of Britain on Thursday night, large crowds of mourners gathered outside Balmoral Castle and other royal residences. Many people brought flowers and lit candles, some visibly shaken by the news.
In keeping with royal tradition, a written statement announcing the Queen's death was displayed on the gates of Buckingham Palace. In a stunning moment just after the official announcement, the heavy rain that had been battering London stopped and a huge double rainbow appeared over the palace.

Elizabeth ascended the throne in 1952 after the death of her father, King George VI. She witnessed the final throes of the British Empire, weathered global turmoil and domestic scandal, and significantly modernized the monarchy.
Last April, she lost her husband of 73 years, Prince Philip, the longest-serving consort in British history.
Elizabeth ruled England and 14 other Commonwealth countries and became one of the most famous women of all time.

Queen Elizabeth II dies at 96; Britain's longest-reigning monarch

Members of the royal family rush to the Queen's side
The Queen's four children were at Balmoral Castle when the announcement was made.
Earlier on Thursday, Charles arrived at the Scottish castle with his wife Camilla. The Queen's daughter Princess Anne, known as the Princess Royal, has arrived.

Prince William, now heir to the throne, arrived at Balmoral on Thursday afternoon with the Queen's two other sons, Princes Andrew and Prince Edward, and Edward's wife, Sophie, Countess of Wessex.
Prince William and his wife Catherine have accepted the titles of Duke and Duchess of Cornwall, according to their official Twitter account. Charles and Camilla were previously known by this title. The couple are now known as the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and Cambridge.
Catherine remained in Windsor, where their three children attended their first day at a new school.
Prince Harry arrived at Balmoral following the announcement. His wife, Meghan, Duchess of Sussex, did not travel with him.
last public appearance
The Queen made her last public appearance on Tuesday when she formally appointed Liz Truss as the new Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. A photo from an audience member showed the monarch smiling as he stood in his living room at Balmoral, holding a walking stick. Truss was the 15th and final British Prime Minister appointed by Elizabeth.
There have been concerns about the Queen's health since she was briefly hospitalized last October. She experienced episodic mobility problems, which sometimes resulted in her withdrawing from official activities.
But those concerns were heightened on Wednesday when Buckingham Palace announced that the Queen had postponed a virtual meeting of the Privy Council after doctors advised her to rest.

 

Prince William, now heir to the throne, arrived at Balmoral on Thursday afternoon with the Queen's two other sons, Princes Andrew and Prince Edward, and Edward's wife, Sophie, Countess of Wessex.
Prince William and his wife Catherine have accepted the titles of Duke and Duchess of Cornwall, according to their official Twitter account. Charles and Camilla were previously known by this title. The couple are now known as the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and Cambridge.
Catherine remained in Windsor, where their three children attended their first day at a new school.
Prince Harry arrived at Balmoral following the announcement. His wife, Meghan, Duchess of Sussex, did not travel with him.
last public appearance
The Queen made her last public appearance on Tuesday when she formally appointed Liz Truss as the new Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. A photo from an audience member showed the monarch smiling as he stood in his living room at Balmoral, holding a walking stick. Truss was the 15th and final British Prime Minister appointed by Elizabeth.
There have been concerns about the Queen's health since she was briefly hospitalized last October. She experienced episodic mobility problems, which sometimes resulted in her withdrawing from official activities.
But those concerns were heightened on Wednesday when Buckingham Palace announced that the Queen had postponed a virtual meeting of the Privy Council after doctors advised her to rest.

 

On Thursday, the palace announced that the queen was under medical supervision but said she was "comfortable" at Balmoral. The situation became serious when her children rushed to her side during the day.
Her death comes seven months after the Queen marked her 70th anniversary on the throne. Britain officially celebrated Platinum's jubilee in June with much fanfare and she made a number of public appearances in London.
global tribute
Messages of condolence began to flow from around the world immediately following the announcement, underscoring the global impact the Queen had during her 70-year reign.
Speaking outside Downing Street on Thursday, Truss said the queen's death was "a huge shock to the country and the world".
"Queen Elizabeth II is the foundation upon which modern Britain was built," the new prime minister said. “Our country grew and prospered under her rule.”
Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon has paid tribute to Queen Elizabeth II, saying she was "loved and admired" by the people of Scotland.
A Who's Who of the Windsors: Queen Elizabeth II's heirs
Who's Who of the Royal Family of Windsor: Queen Elizabeth II's heirs
UN Secretary-General António Guterres described the Queen as a "good friend" of the UN, adding: "She has been an integral part of decades of sweeping change, including the decolonization of Africa and Asia and the development of the Commonwealth. It’s a reassuring presence.”
Pope Francis also mourned the queen's death, praising her "firm witness to the faith in Jesus Christ" in an open letter to King Charles III.
Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said Canada learned of the monarch's death "with the heaviest of hearts," while Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese praised the Queen's dedication to "duty, family, faith and service."
New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern told the nation that the Queen had begun to define "the concepts of service, charity and consistency".
The Queen is the head of state of Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

 

US President Joe Biden and First Lady Jill Biden described the Queen as a "steady presence".
"Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II was more than just a monarch. She defined an era," they said in a statement.
Irish President Michael D. Higgins said the country had lost "an incredible friend."
"Her Majesty has served the British people with extraordinary dignity. Her personal commitment to her role and extraordinary sense of responsibility have been the hallmarks of her time as Queen, which will have a unique place in British history," Higgins said. In a highly symbolic moment in 2011, the Queen became the first British monarch to pay a state visit to the Republic of Ireland.
Kings, queens and royal families from various countries also sent messages of condolence. King Felipe VI of Spain, King Abdullah II of Jordan, King Harald and King Willem-Alexander of Norway, Queen Máxima and Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands all sent condolences.

IFrame Queen Elizabeth II has died Buckingham Palace announces - BBC News